Recently, chip concept stocks have exceeded pork stocks, and even Huadu rose 70%. Domestic GNSS industry chain also seems to usher in the spring of Beidou three east wind.

I. Overview

Restricted by others 1994-2007

Third, the industrial awakening 2007-2012

Fourth, the strong rise 2012-2020

I. Overview

According to the authoritative data, by 2020, the upstream and downstream markets of BeiDou satellite navigation system will present a 1:4:5. industry chain value distribution structure.

The core component of GNSS is the chip. A typical user terminal system consists of an antenna, an RF chip, a baseband chip, and a navigation and positioning solution processor. The RF chip is responsible for receiving signals, while the baseband chip decodes the received baseband signals. The chips and algorithms determine the technical performance indicators such as the positioning accuracy of navigation products.

GNSS chips are categorized into two types: consumer-grade and high-precision, and are the core components of the satellite navigation and positioning industry chain.

Chips and boards account for 50-65% of the value chain of the navigation equipment industry (the reference value may actually be about 20%). In high-precision applications, manufacturers design specialized algorithms based on the chip, build a GNSS general-purpose substrate, then develop OEM boards for different applications, and then manufacture the whole machine and provide corresponding services.

The development of GPS chip started in 1994, industrialized in 2002, and popularized in 2004.GPS chip enterprises are mainly in foreign countries, such as Broadcom, SiRF, U-blox, etc. Broadcom It is the world's largest GPS chip manufacturer. Global high-precision GNSS boards have long been monopolized by Trimble and Canada Novatel.

Domestic GNSS chip technology originated in scientific research institutions, developed in the return of talents, and exploded in the rise of local talents. In this article, we will review the development process of domestic GNSS chip and pay tribute to the Beidou people.

II. Restricted by others 1994-2007

From 1994 to 2007, most of the navigation terminals in China used imported GPS chips.

In 1994, the arrangement of 24 GPS satellite seats had been completed, and the construction of Beidou 1 had been started in China.

The first set of domestic measurement GPS receiver was born in 1995.

On May 8, 1999, the United States bombed our embassy in the FRY. All five missiles came from a B-2 bomber that took off from the U.S. GPS played an accurate guiding role.

Beidou 1 was built in 2000. Domestic research on GNSS chips also started around 2000, mainly GPS and GPS GLONASS chips.

In March 2003, in the Iraq war, a large number of American bombers and cruise missiles accurately hit their targets.

In 2004, China launched the construction of Beidou II. This year was also the first year of Beidou chips.

In 2004, a research institute in Beijing successfully developed GPS GLONASS correlator chip.

Around 2004, with the rapid development of the international satellite navigation industry, many study abroad teams with experience in GPS chip design went back to China to set up GNSS and develop the first batch of domestic chips.

Oriental Union Star developed China's first BeiDou multimode navigation chip OTrack-32 and consumer navigation chip Progee.

The Science and Technology Group was overly optimistic in its judgment of opening up the BeiDou multi-frequency ICD to foreign countries, and introduced the U.S. Tianbao. However, for a long time, the BeiDou ICD file was not opened to foreign countries, so it was impossible to carry out core R&D.

GPS RF chip was successfully developed in 2005.

In 2006, a Chongqing R&D successfully developed GPS GLONASS dual-mode RF chip. GPS CMOS RF chip and DSP baseband chip.

However, these products do not have international competitiveness, there are power consumption, low integration, low yield, unstable performance and other shortcomings, limited to a few special purposes.

From 2000 to 2007, the chips for the BeiDou system were basically provided by American companies, and the BeiDou industry was controlled by people. The research and development of BeiDou1 chip was limited to FPGA. RF front-end was built by separating components, and FPGA was combined with the digital processing of general-purpose DSP, which was still a big gap from the real chip.

Third, industrial awakening 2007-2012

In 2007, China began to launch Beidou II satellite.

Domestic satellite navigation equipment market conditions are becoming increasingly mature, the initial formation of batch user groups, into the application of the industry's rapid development period. Domestic enterprises saw the great prospect of navigation chip industry, awakened the consciousness of independent research and development, and began to invest in chip research and development. Some manufacturers launched BeiDou 2 RF and baseband chips with independent intellectual property rights. However, during this period, the state appropriation was small and the R&D capacity was limited.

In February 2008, Shanghai Fuzhenghua developed the BeiDou baseband chip "Pilot One", whose performance and cost were better than those of foreign products.

In March 2008, West successfully developed the second generation of multi-constellation, full-frequency radio frequency chip, and launched a high-level GPS baseband processing chip. (There are questions here.)

In 2009, China launched the construction of Beidou 3. Beijing Institute of Microelectronics Technology (BIMT) successfully developed the baseband processing SOC chip for BeiDou 1, marking a breakthrough in the core technology of China's GNSS chip.

In September 2010, BeiDou Starcom (Hutchinson) launched Nebulas, the first multi-mode and multi-frequency SoC chip with completely independent intellectual property rights. in multi-frequency, Hutchinson has been in the forefront.

China Satellite, Aerospace Electronics, Guoteng Electronics, Hexin Starcom, Huali Chuangtong, Hezhong Strong, Dongguan Taidou, Haig Communication (Guangzhou Runxin), Xi'an Huaxun, Zhongke Microelectronics, Dongfang Liansing, Guozhi Heng, Fuzheng Hualong, Jianyona, CLP20, CLP24, CLP54, and other domestic enterprises and research units have increased their investment in the design and manufacture of chips.The market competition for GNSS modules and baseband chips is very fierce. The market competition between GNSS module and baseband chip is very intense. The sensitivity, positioning accuracy and start-up time of baseband processing chips are basically close to each other, and the main difference lies in the design scheme and auxiliary functions of the chips.

In 2011, China's GNSS chip market size was about 2.184 billion yuan, and about 95% of the market was occupied by foreign manufacturers. Although China has made great development, the vast majority are OEM boards produced by secondary development. China only occupies a certain market share in navigation maps, system integration and operation services.

During this period, the gap between domestic enterprises and foreign countries is mainly reflected:

1. Due to the lack of design experience, the baseband chip has poor sensitivity, which affects the stability and reliability in harsh environments.

2. The chip process is backward, with no advantage in performance, cost and power consumption.

3. Low integration of baseband chip and lack of mature GNSS baseband SOC chip. In various navigation terminal systems, in addition to the baseband chip, additional application processors need to be added. In terms of cost and power consumption, it is impossible to compete with foreign highly integrated and multi-functional GNSS baseband SOC chips.

4. Lack of experience in mass production of chips. In addition to technical specifications, a complete set of application solutions for downstream application manufacturers should be considered.

Plans to send the ICD (Interface Control) document for BeiDou navigation system announced at the end of 2012 would have provided a buffer for domestic companies. However, foreign manufacturers are still able to sell BeiDou chip boards at low prices in China, resulting in domestic companies facing direct international competition. The reason, we do not know, and we dare not ask.

IV. Strong Rise 2012-2020

The application of BeiDou is largely limited by the domestic chip development level, prompting manufacturers to compete to launch BeiDou high-precision products.GNSS high-precision chip boards and cards are gradually dominating the domestic market from imports to domestic substitution, and the overall performance is even better than the international similar products.

GNSS chip industry with the modernization of GPS, Galileo and BeiDou construction shows the following trends:

1. Multi-mode and multi-frequency chips.

2. Integration, miniaturization, high sensitivity, low power consumption and low price.

3.Convergence of GNSS and mobile communication, WiFi, Internet and so on.

4.A-GNSS technology and LBS integration.

5. Gradual transformation from application products to operation services, which promotes the popularization of application scale and services.

Completed in 2012, Beidou-2 provides services in the Asia-Pacific region.

In 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission issued "Promoting Information Consumption - Accelerating the Scale Development of BeiDou Satellite Navigation Industry", which explicitly proposed to support China's BeiDou chip industry, and the BeiDou chip industry began to achieve fruitful results.

In 2013, Dongguan Taidou Microelectronics released 55nm CMOS, RF baseband FLASH three-in-one, TD1020 navigation chip, support for BeiDou and GPS. it shocked the industry with its fast R & D speed and wide range of products. I still don't know the secret, still don't dare to ask.

In November 2014, Shanghai Beijia Navigation Technology released 40nm Beidou Hangxin 1, and the domestic chip entered the era of tablet computers, wearable devices, and car navigation.

In May 2015, a new generation of high-precision multi-mode multi-frequency satellite navigation system level SOC chip with CoreStar released Nebulas II UC4C0 (55nm) is also the world's first full-system multi-core high-precision navigation and positioning SOC chip, marking the entry of China's satellite navigation chip into the international leading level.

In May 2016, CoreStar released the world's first multi-system, multi-frequency, high-precision GNSS module, the UM332. the product utilizes the industry's smallest-sized single UC4C0 baseband chip and a single broadband RF chip. the Mockbird chip was also released in a 40nm process with a size of only 4x4mm, which is the smallest baseband RF integrated chip in China, with great improvement in sensitivity, anti-interference and A-GNSS.

In 2017, China began launching the Beidou III satellite.

In May 2017, the first 28nm released GNSS Soc chip in China-UFirebird Firebird. The first to support BeiDou 3 signals, the four major satellite navigation systems and international major SBAS augmentation signals. Size is only 1.9mmx2.9mm made a major breakthrough in low power consumption. The overall performance is even better than similar international products, which means that Beidou basic products have realized a historic leap.

In September 2017, Shenzhen released the RF baseband integrated chip with completely independent intellectual property rights, which is the world's first multi-system, multi-frequency, high-precision SOC chip to support the BeiDou 3 signaling system.

In May 2019, HZZ officially released Tianqin second-generation high-precision star-based enhancement baseband chip (55nm), which is the world's first high-precision baseband chip to support the full signaling system of BeiDou III.

The domestic demand for BeiDou chips is strong and developing rapidly, and large-scale applications have been realized. According to statistics, the cumulative sales of domestic BeiDou navigation chip modules in 2018 have exceeded 80 million pieces, and the sales of high-precision boards have accounted for 30% of the domestic market share and have been exported to more than 100 countries and regions.

In recent years, domestic chip enterprises have made outstanding contributions, but there are still problems such as a large gap between the industry and demand, insufficient investment, and insufficient talent. The lack of chips limits the industrialization of BeiDou.

The construction of BeiDou system focuses on the development and launch of satellites, and is seldom used for the development of navigation chips. The high cost of chip development, technical difficulty and low success rate make it difficult to be recognized by industrial users. Large investment and small market lead to low enthusiasm of enterprise R&D.

V. Summary

1. In the past two to three decades, China's satellite navigation industry in accordance with the "trade technology" development path, successfully mastered the relevant core technologies and components (antennas, boards, algorithms), to avoid the problem of imported products of key technologies, and achieved great success in market competition, the formation of the Beidou industry, and created a number of listed companies and billionaires. billionaires.

2. China has completed the construction of independent GNSS system. From the initial two-star positioning of Beidou to the three global services of Beidou, all the indexes have reached the international level, which has injected long-term development vitality and confidence into the industry. With the help of BeiDou system construction, a large number of scientific research teams have been cultivated, providing the best platform for them to show their talents.

3. At present, the application of domestic GNSS chips in domestic whole products has reached more than 70%. Judging from the market feedback and acceptance, the domestic GNSS chip has full international competitiveness and is accelerating to the international market. The development focus of domestic GNSS chips in the next stage is undoubtedly to the international market.

4. From the point of view of the development history of foreign GNSS chips for more than 20 years, it is the most competitive. BeiDou chip as a mass-produced products, not many types, but fine.

With the upgrading of the satellite navigation system space system, the major systems of signal frequency design molding, the user side of the technology will also usher in a greater upgrade. With the expansion of high-precision positioning to new application areas, the core components of satellite navigation is also getting smaller (volume, power consumption, cost), faster (multi-system, multi-frequency points), with the development of more accurate (combined navigation) direction, many manufacturers have launched a special chip products of ASIC architecture. It can be said that domestic and foreign high-precision satellite navigation chip formed a new competitive situation.

Ltd. specializes in high-precision GNSS modules and wireless communication products, technology development and application promotion service providers, relying on the wireless communication technology in the field of R & D and promotion of experience, JUNODA set up a team with a wealth of experience in hardware and software development technology, aimed at domestic and foreign OEM / ODM customers and system integrators to provide high-quality, high-performance wireless modules and applications! We aim to provide high-quality, high-performance wireless modules and application programs to OEM/ODM customers and system integrators at home and abroad, and create long-term value for customers!

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