Inertial navigation technology is a navigation and positioning technology based on inertial measurement elements that independently calculates the position, velocity, direction and attitude angle of a carrier or weapon and navigates or navigates the carrier or weapon. It is used to guide global, all-weather, independent navigation and to provide a launch attitude reference or full-process navigation for a weapon. Do not need the support of external equipment, not subject to regional and weather restrictions, work covertly, anti-interference, but the positioning error increases with the increase in operating time

Inertial navigation technology mainly includes gyro technology, accelerometer technology and waypoint speculation technology.

Gyro technology is the use of high-speed rotating gyro to provide carrier angular displacement or angular velocity technology. Electromechanical gyro is a high-speed rotor, the carrier occurs when the angular movement, the rotor around the perpendicular to the rotation axis of one axis or two axes to occur into the movement, so as to sensitize the angular movement of the carrier. The device is extremely stable. The gyro is the reference and stabilization system for inertial navigation. Gyro used to measure the carrier's angular displacement (or angular velocity), widely used in navigation, can form a gyroscope level or vertical gyroscope, measuring the carrier's pitch angle, horizontal angle and tilt angle, the output of the corresponding signals; can form a heading gyroscope, measuring the carrier's heading angle, the output of the corresponding signals; can be formed into an angular velocity gyroscope, measuring the carrier around the rotation axis of the angular rate, the output of the corresponding signals. Gyroscope is the core device in the inertial navigation system, there are mainly liquid floating gyroscope, electrostatic gyroscope, flexure gyroscope and laser gyroscope. Liquid-floating gyroscopes are too complex and expensive, and are only used in high-precision inertial navigation systems; electrostatic gyroscopes have a significantly longer retuning period than liquid-floating gyroscopes, and are therefore widely used in the inertial navigation systems of nuclear submarines. In addition, small power consumption and high accuracy in weightless environment have good application prospects in the aerospace field; flexible gyroscopes have advantages in start-up time and price, and are widely used in the platform inertial navigation system of airplanes and tactical missiles, replacing the inertial navigation system of liquid gyroscope platform airplanes. Laser gyroscope has many advantages, and gradually replaced the floating gyroscope and flexible gyroscope platform aircraft inertial navigation system, but its assembly process is complex, high-precision laser gyroscope price is high.

Accelerometer technology is the technology to measure the linear acceleration of the carrier. The navigation computer can calculate and control the line acceleration of the carrier and output an electrical signal proportional to the acceleration ** Placement use. According to the working principle, accelerometers are divided into line displacement, pendulum, piezoelectric crystal, piezoresistive and other accelerometers; according to the support of the output axis, they are divided into liquid levitation, air levitation, flexible, magnetic levitation and electrostatic levitation; according to the output signals, they are divided into analog and digital pulse accelerometers; according to the sensitive acceleration, the number of input axes is divided into single-axis, dual-axis and split-axis accelerometers. In the aviation inertial navigation system, the speedometer is the most commonly used in the aviation inertial navigation system, and microelectromechanical accelerometers have also begun to be used

Voyage position speculation technology is a technology that calculates the current position of a carrier based on the known initial position of the carrier, using the direction of motion and acceleration of the carrier sensitive to gyroscopes and accelerometers. For example, an aircraft should be initially aligned before takeoff and the waiting time and waiting distance of the current position or target point of the aircraft should be calculated based on the measured direction of motion and distance of the aircraft (quadratic point of acceleration).

The development trend of inertial navigation technology is to improve the level of gyroscope, adopt gyroscope monitoring technology, reduce the drift rate, improve the system positioning accuracy, strengthen the self-checking technology, improve the maintenance of the equipment, adopt modern digital technology, reduce the size of the equipment, improve the reliability of the equipment, shorten the time of the initial alignment, improve the ease of use and reduce the cost of the equipment. Jet-link inertial navigation technology will develop with the improvement of computer technology and the technical level of new inertial components.

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