History of the development of China Beidou satellite navigation
China Beidou is a satellite navigation system independently built by China. Since the project of BeiDou 1 was established in 1994, after twenty-six years, it has handed over a heavy “report card” from nothing to something, from active to passive, from regional to global.
July 31, 2020, China solemnly declared to the world, China's independent construction, independent operation of the global satellite navigation system has been fully completed, China Beidou has since opened a new chapter of high-quality services to the world, the benefit of mankind. It will embrace the world with a more open and inclusive attitude, and write a new chapter of space-time service together with the world.
Fighting the epidemic, every second counts. Beidou & ldquo; traffic & rdquo; through the fire line of transportation, to ensure the timely delivery of epidemic prevention materials; National Day parade, the world's attention. Beidou & ldquo; standard Qi & rdquo; show their hands, the parade squad, equipment & ldquo; meters and seconds & rdquo;, read out the military, national prestige; in the top of the world on Mount Everest, Beidou for the completion of elevation measurements for Chinese climbers to provide the main data; in the South China Sea in the shock of the sea, China's fishermen, no matter what piece of the sea traveled to the Chinese Beidou's overlooking; in the flash floods frequently in the Mountainous areas, & ldquo; Beidou + meteorological & rdquo; so that residents know rain and shine, and better carry out ecological protection, resource development and adventure tourism; in the endless flow of the road, Beidou allows people to travel freely in the streets and alleys … ….
This is China Beidou, China's independent construction of satellite navigation system. It is an indispensable information infrastructure for national security and economic and social development, and is an important symbol of the status of a large country and comprehensive national strength.
On July 31, 2020, the completion and opening ceremony of the Beidou 3 global satellite navigation system was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. China solemnly declared to the world that the global satellite navigation system independently constructed and operated by China had been fully completed, and that China Beidou had opened a new chapter of high-quality service to the world for the benefit of mankind.
From now on, China Beidou has formally stepped out of the country and become a satellite navigation system serving the whole world, and it will embrace the world with a more open and inclusive attitude and write a new chapter of space-time service together with the world.
Named “Beidou”.
In 1994, the world's first global satellite navigation system, GPS, was fully completed; this is also the year that China began to independently develop the Beidou satellite navigation system, and the ancestors used to identify the direction of the & ldquo; Beidou star & rdquo; named
From scratch, Beidou has traveled this road is not easy.
As early as the 1970s, engaged in & ldquo; two bombs and one star & rdquo; the pioneers have recognized the importance of satellite navigation and positioning system. They have been in the field of satellite navigation painstakingly groping, in the theoretical exploration and development of practice has carried out fruitful work. Established in the late 1960s, the “Lighthouse Program” can be said to be the predecessor of the Beidou project, although this program was eventually terminated due to the transformation of technology direction, limited financial resources and other reasons, but it is like a beacon for the later launched the Beidou project has accumulated valuable experience.
After the reform and opening up, China accelerated the pace of economic development, satellite navigation and positioning in the national economy and national defense construction of the important value of scientists once again. But at that time, the United States has been relying on GPS in the field of satellite positioning system, Russia's GLONASS has also completed the global network, to China's national conditions at that time, take the old way of Europe and the United States can only always be a chaser, the only way to have the opportunity to overtake another way.
How to build an autonomous and controllable national weapon?
The first generation of Beidou builders agreed that the most urgent need is to solve the first & ldquo; have no problem & rdquo; In 1983, academician Chen Fangyun as the representative of experts and scholars put forward the use of two geosynchronous orbit satellites to determine the idea of ground and air targets. “Dual Star Positioning” the principle of the construction program is the center of the earth as a virtual satellite, and then launch two geosynchronous satellites to form a constellation, the ground control center by the ground computational processing, to achieve the rapid positioning of ground targets in the region. This program used China's most mature aerospace technology at the time, with the smallest constellation, the least input, the shortest cycle, to realize the construction of the satellite navigation system independent and controllable, for the subsequent development of the firm confidence of victory, laid a solid technical foundation, and accumulated a wealth of engineering experience.
Is it a step forward to global networking? This triggered no small controversy at the time. To build a navigation and positioning system with global coverage requires at least 24 satellites, and the United States and Russia have spent more than 20 years. However, to safeguard China's national sovereignty, security and development interests can not be delayed, China can not afford to procrastinate, can not wait, must be in the shortest possible time to let Beidou play out the maximum benefits. How to do? & ldquo; two bombs & rdquo;, Dongfanghong No. 1 satellite chief designer, the first chief designer of the Beidou project, academician Sun Jiadong led the engineers and technicians to creatively put forward & ldquo; step-by-step & rdquo; strategy, the first test after the construction, the first domestic after the surrounding area, the first regional after the global.
Road, finally opened. Beidou project & ldquo; three-step & rdquo; development blueprint is determined: the first step, the first two-star positioning test system, the formation of regional active positioning and navigation services; the second step, the completion of three kinds of orbital launch of more than 10 satellites, the completion of the regional navigation system, the formation of regional passive service capabilities, to the Asia-Pacific region, to provide positioning, navigation, timing, as well as short messaging communication services; the third step The third step is to complete the Beidou Global Satellite Navigation System, which consists of three geostationary orbit satellites and 30 non-geostationary orbit satellites, covering the whole world and forming the global passive service capability.
What is “active” and “passive”? Beidou 1 system commander, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group researcher Li Zuhong once had a graphic analogy: & ldquo; active & rdquo; and & ldquo; passive & rdquo; the difference between the equivalent of walkie-talkies and radios. Active like a walkie-talkie, can receive signals and can send signals, and passive like a radio, only receive satellite signals, no longer send signals to the outside. Academician Sun Jiadong said that the design of China Beidou Navigation Satellite System combines & ldquo;active ” and & ldquo;passive ” very skillfully to give full play to its role, which is the biggest feature and highlight of China Beidou, and also the advantage of Beidou.
The year 1994 is a very special year in the history of satellite navigation development in both the world and China. This year, the world's first global satellite navigation system GPS was fully completed; also this year, the Party Central Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission made a major strategic decision to independently develop the Beidou satellite navigation system, and with the ancestors of the Yellow Emperor used to identify the direction of the & ldquo; Beidou star & rdquo; named, China began the first generation of the satellite navigation system development and construction of the long journey.
Crossing the river by touching the stones
Looking back to the long journey since the Beidou 1, due to foreign technology blockade, Beidou people all the way to the front, & ldquo; touch the stone & rdquo; looking for localization of the development of the road!
Looking back at China's Beidou project construction history, Beidou 1 realized China's navigation satellite from scratch, so that China has become the third country with navigation satellites after the United States and Russia. At that time, foreign countries imposed a strict technical blockade on China, domestic component manufacturers have not yet matured, Beidou people can only & ldquo;feel the stones to cross the river & rdquo;.
Long-term stable operation is the fundamental satellite navigation system. Under the technical conditions at that time, the three major components of the control subsystem that affect the long-term stable operation of satellites —— infrared geosensors, momentum wheels and solar sail drive mechanism have not been localized. The development team from the key technologies, key materials, key processes, after more than 8 years, after several twists and turns, the three components finally realized the first flight in the backup star of BeiDou 1, independent solution to the satellite & ldquo; eyes & rdquo; & ldquo; legs & rdquo; and & ldquo; shoulder joint & rdquo; problem.
Beidou 1 initially enabled China's development of & ldquo; Dongfanghong 3 & rdquo; satellite platform, although the most advanced three-axis stabilization control program and dual-component unified propulsion program at the time, but due to foreign blockades and embargoes on key technologies in China, the realization of these programs must rely on their own conditions. According to the Aerospace Science and Technology Group five hospital experts recall, when the five hospitals gathered domestic strength, just a few years to complete the control subsystem of the star computer, the center control line, the propulsion subsystem of the large-capacity surface tension reservoir, 490 Newton thrust engine and other products of the technological research, and ultimately, the Beidou One satellite propulsion subsystem 65 components products & ldquo; all realize the domestic & ldquo; all realize the domestic & rdquo;. rdquo;.
If the satellite navigation system is compared to a large tree, then the technology is like its roots, and frequency resources are the soil on which the tree grows. If there is no frequency, the satellite navigation system will be like a large tree without roots, the design is no longer good enough to show their skills on the stage.
According to Tan Shusen, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and senior engineer of the Satellite Navigation and Positioning Station, in the initial stage of the construction of satellite navigation system, the frequency resources are relatively abundant, and there is no problem of conflict of frequency resources between the GPS system and the GLONASS system which were constructed earlier, however, when it comes to the construction of BeiDou system, the developed countries have already divided the frequency of satellite navigation into a small amount, and the competition for the frequency resources is very intense. The competition for frequency resources was very intense. The first generation of BeiDou scientists, after more than 300 hard negotiations with dozens of countries, creatively put forward the satellite navigation signal compatibility assessment guidelines, proved that BeiDou and other satellite navigation systems do not affect each other when the frequency overlap, won the frequency sharing “World Consensus”, and fought for the country's valuable frequency resources.
However, the ITU provides that all countries can equally apply for the right to use the new resources, but must be launched within the 7-year validity of navigation satellites, and successfully receive the return signal, after which it will automatically expire. In order to keep April 17, 2007 this last & ldquo; window & rdquo;, Beidou project up and down the whole system mobilization and the general battle, grabbed at the end of February that year to complete the satellite development. However, before the shooting, the transponder on the satellite suddenly abnormal. In order to ensure that nothing is wrong, the engineering test team decisively will have stood on the tower of the star-arrow combination of body dismantling, take out the satellite transponder, 72 hours of sleeplessness, successfully troubleshooting.
At 4:11 p.m. on April 14, 2007, the satellite with an important mission was successfully launched; at around 20:00 on April 17, Beijing clearly received signals from the satellite. At this moment, the deadline for frequency failure was less than 4 hours. China Beidou in the last moment “ whistle breaking ”, got into the global satellite navigation system club “ ticket ”.
Over the & ldquo;Lazikou”.
No & ldquo; clock & rdquo; the difficulties, lack of & ldquo; core & rdquo; worry, cloth & ldquo; station & rdquo; difficult & hellip; & hellip; the process of independent innovation is destined to be tough, but only unswervingly go down, in order to put the fate of the firm in their own hands!
No & ldquo; clock & rdquo; difficulties, lack of & ldquo; core & rdquo; worry, cloth & ldquo; station & rdquo; difficulties & hellip; & hellip; In the process of the Beidou system all the way, the most is not missing is one after another difficult problems and hurdles. The process of independent innovation is destined to be tough, but the R & D staff of BeiDou satellite navigation system is well aware of the key core technology is not to spend money to buy, even if bought is also unreliable, the introduction of imitation of the road can not go far, only unswervingly take the road of independent innovation, in order to put the fate of the hands of their own firmly.
Sunshine is always behind the wind and rain, in the face of the absence of their own atomic clocks and chips, regional deployment stations under the conditions of global services and other seemingly insurmountable & ldquo; Loushanguan & rdquo; & ldquo; Lazikou & rdquo;, the Beidou people with the perseverance and courage of the rolling stone on the mountain, walked out of the road of development of an independent innovation, the pursuit of excellence.
“What time is it now? ” This is our life every day to face the problem. And the answer for us is not the clock around, but the navigation satellite in the sky. Timing is an important function of the Beidou satellite navigation system. Cross-sea bridges, undersea tunnels, many cranes work together, often thousands of meters of the operating surface, a little time difference, it will & ldquo; not even a fraction of a thousand miles & rdquo;.
Timing accuracy depends on the navigation satellite & ldquo; heart & rdquo; & mdash; & mdash; atomic clock. Due to the complexity of the star atomic clock mechanism, technical difficulties, the United States, Russia, Switzerland and a few other countries had a long-term monopoly on this technology. Unfortunately, China's research team for the BeiDou satellite design of the first atomic clock effect is not satisfactory, not only in the work of frequent & ldquo; sudden jump & rdquo;, precision and international level is also far apart. Whether to break through the bottleneck of atomic clock technology is related to the success or failure of the construction of China's Beidou system.
In the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics researcher Mei Ganghua's office, so far the collection of a few drawers of experiments, they are Mei Ganghua as treasures, witnessed the group 20 years of difficult search. & ldquo; The core component of the atomic clock microwave cavity is only the size of a roll of film, to play a few slots in a specific location inside, measuring the width and depth of the year there is no computer simulation technology, only a little bit of fumbling, a little bit of polishing. ” Mei Ganghua said, only this technology, they have conducted hundreds of tests. Eventually, with a new structure and working principle of slotted tube microwave cavity developed successfully, this research uses a small volume of atomic gas chamber excitation out of the high-intensity atomic jump signal, won the Chinese and U.S. invention patent authorization.
In addition to the Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Space Technology Research Institute of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, Aerospace Science and Industry Group, Second Academy 203 and other units of a series of key technologies to carry out research on the star-carried rubidium atomic clock. This is a very & ldquo; simmering & rdquo; work, in order to ensure 24-hour uninterrupted testing, researchers are often debugging during the day, staring at the night in front of the test instrument, observe the data, a test is a whole night. In the day and night for debugging stage, everyone is like a clockwork “ clock ” like a continuous rotation. 2005, Aerospace Science and Industry 203 delivered China's first two star-carrying rubidium atomic clock engineered sample identification machine, marking China's autonomy of atomic clocks took a big step forward. 2007, catching up with the early launch of the Beidou test star for the frequency resources, China's independent research and development of the star-carrying rubidium atomic clock, the first time in China. Around 2008, Mei Ganghua team successfully developed a complete independent intellectual property rights, to meet the space engineering requirements of the star-carried rubidium atomic clock products, to achieve timing accuracy and the U.S. GPS system during the same period of technology is comparable to break the monopoly of foreign technology and blockade, and batch used for & ldquo;BeiDou II & rdquo; satellites, China's BeiDou finally Loaded with a & ldquo; China Core & rdquo;.
Today, & ldquo; BeiDou 3 & rdquo; global system on board the atomic clock timing accuracy of 10 billionths of 3 seconds, with the latest generation of U.S. GPS satellites on board rubidium clock side by side, among the top of the international level, can meet the demand for sub-meter navigation and positioning. Let's say, if the car is loaded with Beidou satellite navigation and positioning system, then it provides positional accuracy than the lane spacing is also small, so it can help drivers to avoid traffic jams, but also to protect the driving safety.
“The development of Beidou is the Chinese people do it themselves. ‘Giant’s technology blockade on us, not let us stand on the shoulder. The only way is to become a ‘giant’. ” Li Zuhong said.
Lack of & ldquo; China Core & rdquo;, has been plagued by China's high-tech field of a & ldquo; heart disease & rdquo;. For BeiDou system engineering construction and application, with domestic chips, to ensure security, stability, reliability is critical.
Engage in BeiDou 3 global system, comprehensive localization is the top priority. Through in-depth mobilization, the engineering up and down the formation of localized products would rather & ldquo; indicators of low, high prices, but also to boldly use & rdquo; firm consensus; the overall engineering research to develop action plans, the independent control requirements into the key technology research and development, product development, competitive procurement and other aspects; the establishment of the special management office led by the multi-departmental participation in the independent control of the Coordination Group through the Key industries, regional application demonstration projects, vigorously promote the use of independent chips, modules, software products, through the use of side-by-side construction, repeated iteration, effectively improve the level of product quality.
The efforts have been successful. The domestic BeiDou chip process has been upgraded from 0.35 micron to 28 nanometers, and has been widely used in the fields of Internet of Things and consumer electronics. The 22-nanometer RF baseband integrated navigation and positioning chip that supports the new signals of BeiDou 3, with smaller size, lower power consumption and higher precision, has been equipped with batch production capacity.
The sword sharpens from sharpening, and the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from bitter cold. By the end of 2019, shipments of domestically produced navigation-type chips had exceeded 100 million pieces, and BeiDou navigation-type chips, modules, high-precision boards and antennas had been exported to more than 120 countries and regions.
The construction of the BeiDou global navigation system also has a major feature, which is the first Ka-band interstellar link. According to the construction and operation mode of traditional global satellite navigation system, it is necessary to set up many ground stations around the world. However, the BeiDou system cannot establish ground stations around the world like GPS. In order to solve the data transmission channel of overseas satellites, the Aerospace Science and Technology Group No. 5 Academy BeiDou 3 development team innovatively put forward the constellation interstellar link technology, take the interstellar, interstellar transmission function integration design, realize the satellite and satellite, satellite and ground station link interoperability, that is to say, although we & ldquo;can not see & rdquo; on the other side of the earth in the beiDou satellites, but the interstellar link with the beiDou satellites can also work with them, and they will be able to communicate with each other. Interstellar link can also get in touch with them. Space & ldquo; brother & rdquo; between hand in hand, heart to heart, not only to realize the communication and data transmission between each other, but also to measure each other's distance, automatically & ldquo; keep in formation & rdquo;; can reduce the pressure of ground management and maintenance. With this & ldquo; masterpiece & rdquo;, the project realized only rely on the domestic deployment of the station in the case of the global constellation of operational control, as well as the global service capacity and the world's first-class system.
Beidou 3 global system constellation deployment is complete, the Australian Space Engineering Research Center director Andrew & middot; Dempster pointed out that Beidou is a major breakthrough, because it means that China can be completely independent of the use of autonomous navigation systems, no longer dependent on anyone.
& ldquo;50 million & rdquo; project
Do amazing things, do anonymous people, not divided into the front and back, not divided into state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, not divided into the front and backstage, they are the Beidou people, writing a major aerospace project & ldquo; the country up and down a disk of chess, thousands of horses and thousands of troops in the General Assembly & rdquo; the hot chapter!
From the beginning of the Beidou project, the builders from all over the world will gather to the front line of Beidou development and construction with passion and dreams, they do amazing things, do anonymous people, not divided into the front and back, not divided into the state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, not divided into the front and back of the stage, and together they wrote a major aerospace project & ldquo; the country a plate of chess, thousands of troops and horses in the battle & rdquo; the hot chapter. As the Beidou project chief designer Yang Changfeng said: & ldquo; Beidou is & lsquo; fifty million & rsquo; project: mobilized thousands of troops, experienced thousands of difficulties and dangers, paid thousands of pains, to enter thousands of households, will benefit thousands of generations. ”
In 2015, Beidou 3 is about to launch test satellites, and its success directly affects whether the subsequent networking tasks can be carried out smoothly, which is crucial. In order to catch up & ldquo; launch window & rdquo;, Aerospace Science and Technology Group, the overall department of the overall mechanical overall development team racked their brains, full power, make every effort, process adjustment, streamlining the project & hellip; … … everyone has only one belief in mind & mdash; & mdash; & ldquo; must be shipped out of the factory on time! ” In order to ensure that each job is completed according to plan, assembly site 24-hour operation, designers 24 hours with the production. In the hall as bright as day, already can not tell whether it is late at night or day, sleepy, go out to wash a face spirit, tired to sit on the scene to rest for a while, & ldquo; antenna smooth unfolding, rotating instructions correctly ” & hellip; … … every node of the task of the successful completion of the task, will be present in the field on the people played on a & ldquo; cardiac & rdquo; After a long time, the assembly site 24-hour operation, designers will follow the production 24 hours a day. rdquo;, after more than a month of efforts, the test star was finally successfully launched on September 30th.
Similar scenes in the entire Beidou system project countless times, day and night to adhere to, never give up to overcome the difficulties, belong to the spirit of the Beidou people have a lot of, of which the spirit of craftsmanship is the soul of the Beidou project.
In the ninth BeiDou 3 satellite a key stand-alone test, the overall chief designer Liu Jiaxing found a key indicator “ exceeded ”. “How much difference? ” The answer is “ less than a nanosecond ”. In other words, the error is less than one billionth of a second. But Liu Jiaxing just can not pass that pass in the heart, in order to this error, the whole team stopped the pace of progress, in their words “ resolutely can not let the satellite with hidden danger on the sky! ”
The night of June 15, 2020, the world's attention of the last global networking satellite launch mission of Beidou 3 due to the launch vehicle found product technical problems delayed launch, has been refilled nearly 400 tons of conventional rocket propellant must be safe drain. At the critical moment, the refueling detachment repeatedly studied the technical difficulties of propellant release for 3 consecutive days, analyzed the status of nearly 500 valves, 1600 meters of pipelines and other equipment and facilities, organized 8 release drills, refined the release program to the minute level, and accurately reduced the risk to the minimum by every action and every command. 23 June, along with the roar of a loud noise, the re-fuelled LM-3B carrier rocket, which was the last satellite of BeiDou-3, was released. It carried the last global networking satellite of BeiDou-3 into space, putting a successful end to the BeiDou launch mission: 44 launches were 100% successful.
This year, the final launch of Beidou caught up with the prevention and control of the epidemic of new coronary pneumonia, and many test teams and hundreds of scientific and technological personnel gathered at the launch site, and the implementation process of the mission was characterized by a series of twists and turns. We have to win the final battle of the network, but also to play a good epidemic prevention and control war, the two lines can not go wrong. In the face of a special severe situation, all parties involved in the test to think in one place, strength to one place, take the initiative to think differently, the common firm to bear. Overall level carefully do & ldquo; unification & rdquo;, co-ordinate resources, co-ordination of forces, co-ordination of work; the test team again and again to do & ldquo; subtraction & rdquo;, the site personnel pressure to the minimum, the workflow adjusted to the simplest, all types of risk to the smallest; the launch site to do & ldquo; addition & rdquo;, strengthen the preventive and control measures, increase the security efforts to intensify To solve the difficulties, work together, to tide over the difficulties, effectively ensure the launch task and field epidemic prevention & ldquo; double victory & rdquo;.
According to statistics, since the launch of the Beidou satellite navigation system project, a total of more than 400 units nationwide, more than 300,000 scientific and technological personnel involved in the development and construction. Chen Fangyun, Sun Jiadong two & ldquo; two bombs and one star & rdquo; Yuanxun and dozens of academicians of the two academies of sciences led the expedition. Domestic satellite navigation and location services in the field of enterprises and institutions in the number of 14,000 or so, the number of employees more than 500,000, the formation of the Pearl River Delta, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Chongqing five major industrial zones.
“Global era” has arrived!
With the official opening of the Beidou 3 global satellite navigation system service, from domestic to foreign, from regional to global, Beidou service will be shared by more countries and people.
With the official opening of the BeiDou 3 global satellite navigation system, the “global era” of BeiDou has arrived. From domestic to foreign, from regional to global, Beidou service will be shared by more countries and people.
At present, there are four global satellite navigation systems in the world, which are GPS of the United States, GlONASS of Russia, Galileo of the European Union and Beidou of China. BeiDou 3 has entered the global satellite navigation system family with world advanced performance, and will provide users all over the world with navigation and positioning services with faster positioning speed and better user experience. Compared with the other three global satellite positioning systems, BeiDou is the only one that uses three orbits to match the constellation. BeiDou's geostationary and inclined synchronous orbits can keep at least 12 satellites visible in the Asia-Pacific region almost permanently, dramatically improving the positioning accuracy in the region.
In June 2020, after the completion of the deployment of the Beidou-3 global system constellation, the United Nations Department of Outer Space sent a special video to congratulate Beidou on the completion of the global network deployment, affirming that the Beidou system is promoting the global economic and social development, and appreciating the great contribution made by the Beidou system in the peaceful use of outer space and participation in the international cooperation of the United Nations in space activities.
In recent years, the Chinese Government has been committed to promoting international cooperation in the field of satellite navigation. Bilateral cooperation has been deepened and realized. The Intergovernmental Cooperation Agreement on Satellite Navigation between China and the Russian Federation has formally entered into force, providing organizational and legal guarantees for the mutual construction of monitoring stations and other cooperation between China and the Russian Federation; BeiDou and GlONASS have achieved signal compatibility; China and the United States have achieved signal compatibility and interoperability between BeiDou and GPS; and China and the European Union have deepened frequency coordination. China and the United States have realized the compatibility and interoperability of the signals of the BeiDou and GPS systems, and China and Europe have deepened their frequency coordination.
Multilateral cooperation has achieved remarkable results. It has actively made its voice heard on multilateral platforms such as the United Nations Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG), and successfully organized two ICG conferences. It has successfully held the Sino-Arab Beidou Cooperation Forum and the China—Central Asia Beidou Cooperation Forum, expanded the cooperation platforms with “Belt and Road” countries and international organizations, and continued to expand the Beidou “circle of friends”.
Beidou applications continue to land overseas. As the only satellite navigation system with navigation and short message communication functions, this advantage of BeiDou system was fully realized in the Nepal earthquake in 2015. According to Chen Suzhen, the captain of Xiamen Blue Sky Rescue Team, who participated in the rescue at that time, the poor communication between rescue teams of different countries became the biggest obstacle to the rescue. Because China Beidou can send short messages, the Nepalese command sent the Chinese rescue team to the most remote and seriously affected places.
The contribution of China Beidou is also accompanied by the “Space Silk Road” continuously extended. In China's neighboring and & ldquo; Belt and Road & rdquo; along the countries, Pakistan's transportation, port management, Myanmar's land planning, river transport supervision, Laos's fine agriculture, pest disaster supervision, Brunei's urban modernization, intelligent tourism, Indonesia's maritime integration applications, in different fields in different countries, there are China Beidou's figure.
In recent years, with the increase of economic and trade exchanges, the number of cross-border passenger and freight vehicles between China and neighboring countries has been growing, which also increases the difficulty of the relevant management departments in managing cross-border passenger and freight vehicles. The navigation and positioning services provided by the Beidou system are the key to solving the problem of enhancing the safety management capability of cross-border transportation vehicles. Russia is the first country to take the lead with China on the use of satellite navigation systems to realize the management of cross-border vehicles between the two countries. At present, China and Russia have completed the development of the cross-border transportation vehicle supervision system, and installed Beidou/GlONASS compatible terminals on some Chinese and Russian passenger and freight vehicles, and accessed the system to carry out trial operation activities.
At the conference on the first anniversary of the provision of global services by the Beidou 3 system, Ran Chengqi, director of the China Satellite Navigation System Administration Office and spokesman for the Beidou Satellite Navigation System, said that only by strengthening the cooperation between satellite navigation systems can we jointly promote the development of spatio-temporal information and high technology. For China Beidou, & ldquo; independent, open, compatible, progressive ” has been the main tone of development, China has always adhered to the & ldquo; China's Beidou, the world's Beidou ” the development of the concept, and actively promote the international cooperation of Beidou system.
The provision of global services by Beidou is a big step in the construction of Beidou and a new starting point for the development of Beidou. As academician Sun Jiadong said, “ Global satellite navigation system has become an indispensable spatial information infrastructure for the economy and society, which will benefit human life and economic development. Today, Beidou has become an important force in the global satellite navigation system that can not be ignored, and has become an important cooperation project for China's foreign relations, significantly enhancing China's international status and influence. ”
Life is more wonderful because of it
“Integration and development, everything is interconnected”, “Beidou +” to make life more convenient, more wonderful, Beidou system is into all walks of life, tens of thousands of households, and has become an indispensable necessity of daily life!
As a major national space infrastructure, Beidou provides public service products, just like electricity and wireless networks, it must realize its value through terminal services. Therefore, “integration development, everything is connected” has been the basic policy of Beidou application promotion. Through the interconnection of everything, & ldquo; Beidou + & rdquo; make life more convenient, more wonderful.
On May 12, 2008, Wenchuan County in Sichuan Province was hit by a massive earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale, and the outside world was unable to get timely access to the situation in the quake zone, which became the biggest obstacle to the rescue work. Under the emergency situation, China Satellite Navigation Application Management Center (CNASA) equipped thousands of Beidou user terminals for the rescue forces. 22:00 on May 12, the first batch of armed police officers and soldiers arrived at the quake-hit area, and used the Beidou Satellite Navigation System user terminals to send back real-time data of the disaster one after another, which sent out the first bunch of first aid airwaves for the quake-hit area. It is also that disaster let & ldquo; Beidou & rdquo; this name has been a household name.
12 years have passed, today's Beidou application has far exceeded the year's imagination. 2020 April 30, China & ldquo; 2020 Everest elevation measurement & rdquo; officially launched. In the first accurate determination and publication of the height of Mount Everest 45 years later, the Chinese people again for the world's first peak measurement & ldquo; height & rdquo;. Unlike in the past, this measurement, China's Beidou navigation system for researchers to provide the main data.
Beidou's contribution is also evident in the battle to stop the epidemic of Xinguancunpneumonia. Beidou plant protection drones in Beijing and Hubei are widely used for disinfection and epidemic prevention in the region, and a single spraying area of a drone can cover 5,000 square meters and penetrate into the dead corners that cannot be reached by epidemic prevention vehicles. Across the country, hundreds of thousands of Beidou terminals have entered the logistics industry, and through precise positioning of Beidou, the location information is clear at a glance, and some logistics enterprises also provide material transportation and distribution to some isolated communities through robots. Beidou and the Internet, mobile communication network, big data, cloud computing and other combinations of the formation of & ldquo; Beidou + & rdquo; information products, can be infected with the precise location of the trajectory of the action and public release to the community, for big cities, especially grass-roots communities to do a good job of prevention and control to provide key data support.
Wuhan Vulcan Mountain, Thunder Mountain hospital construction 100,000 fire, every second counts. & ldquo; ten thousand feet high building & rdquo;, high-precision fixed-point positioning is the benchmark, fast and accurate measurement is the basis. On the night of Lunar New Year's Eve, the staff moved on the order and went to the Vulcan Mountain Hospital site, and the Beidou high-precision positioning equipment sped up to ensure that most of the site's placement measurements were completed at one time, and gained valuable time for the rapid construction of the hospital.
Nowadays, Beidou system has been applied to all walks of life and entered into thousands of households, and has become an indispensable necessity in people's daily life just like water and electricity, which is ubiquitous and within reach.
The newly-built Beijing Daxing International Airport, relying on BeiDou's high-precision fusion positioning solution, has become the first large-scale airport in China to realize sub-meter indoor positioning of baggage handling vehicles. There are many other values of high-precision indoor positioning in airports. For the airport management, indoor positioning will be the core infrastructure of the Internet of Things (IoT), and in the future, it will be necessary to rely on indoor positioning for data collection for the supervision and scheduling of people and goods in the airports, tracking and tracing, and big data analysis. For travelers, high-precision indoor positioning has the opportunity to provide them with more convenient navigation or reminder services.
Food is the first thing to be taken care of by the people. The use of Beidou positioning and network technology, the market sales of & ldquo; Beidou vegetable & rdquo;, sweep a QR code, you can track it grows in who's land, with who's seed, what fertilizer has been applied. Today, more and more vegetable farmers to join & ldquo; Beidou vegetable & rdquo; network platform, for their own green vegetables & ldquo; name & rdquo;. Some local fruit planting, animal husbandry, and even the production of traditional Chinese medicine, have begun to utilize the Beidou terminal for traceability management, the whole process of monitoring, people concerned about food and drug safety issues are expected to be technically resolved.
In the past, people on the road, often in a difficult situation. Now, join or use the Beidou electronic map, car software, bike sharing, location sharing, you can be more capricious to say go. Compulsory installation of Beidou terminals for large buses, school buses, dangerous goods transportation vehicles, etc., overtime and speeding and not according to the prescribed route to get timely warning reminders, traffic violations and accident casualty rate decreased by 50% each. With the installation of Beidou electronic fences, the disorderly parking of shared bicycles has been effectively managed.
According to the white paper on China's Beidou satellite navigation system, the Beidou system has been widely used in the fields of transportation, agriculture, forestry and fishery, hydrological monitoring, meteorological forecasting, communication timing, power dispatching, disaster relief and mitigation, and public security since the provision of the service, serving the country's important infrastructure, and generating significant economic and social benefits.
Looking back, when many countries do not hesitate to spend huge sums of money to develop a global satellite navigation system, China & ldquo; two bombs and one star & rdquo; academician Edward Yang, the founder of the academy, pointed out distinctly that China's civil satellite navigation market is vast, the potential economic benefits are huge, and it is an important factor for sustainable development in the future.
In 2018, the overall output value of China's satellite navigation and location services industry reached 301.6 billion yuan, of which Beidou's contribution to the core value of the industry reached 80%, and the associated output value formed by the satellite navigation derivatives reached 194.7 billion yuan.In 2019, the overall output value of China's satellite navigation and location services industry amounted to 345 billion yuan, an increase of 14.4% compared with 2018. The huge market of satellite navigation services is still growing at a high speed, and after Beidou completes its global networking, it will usher in a new era of deepening applications and golden development.
Empowering the future
The fusion and development of BeiDou with the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and other new technologies is building an emerging industrial ecosystem with BeiDou spatial and temporal information as its main content
With China's successful launch of the last global networking satellite Beidou 3, a & ldquo; Beidou, Beidou, received please answer & rdquo; small application also followed the burst of microblogging circle of friends. By the CCTV news and thousands of location jointly released this small application, through the & ldquo; space-time intelligent satellite real-time data monitoring system & rdquo;, not only informs people of the number of Beidou satellites above their heads, but also see the real-time trajectory of each satellite, and even each satellite real-time latitude and longitude, altitude, three-dimensional rate and other information.
Until today many people still have a misunderstanding, as if GPS is synonymous with satellite navigation systems. In fact, today's satellite navigation has been a multi-system compatible common, including GPS, GlONASS, Galileo, of course, including China's Beidou. Whether a cell phone terminal uses Beidou system depends on whether the chip supports Beidou system.
In recent years, with the development of the BeiDou application industry, domestic and foreign mainstream chip manufacturers have launched communication and conduction integration chips compatible with the BeiDou system. According to statistics, as of the third quarter of 2019, 151 cell phones that applied for network access in the Chinese market had positioning functions, of which 110 supported Beidou positioning. Domestic Beidou enterprises use Beidou ground-based augmentation stations to provide precise time and space services of centimeter-level positioning, millimeter-level sensing, and nanometer-level timing, and provide accelerated positioning services covering 220 countries and regions, with a global user scale of more than 390 million.
The reason why Chance Location can let people “call Beidou” anytime and anywhere is that through the ground-based enhancement system, star-based enhancement system star-ground integration fusion capabilities and global station network system, to build a real-time seamless “star-ground integration” high-precision spatial-temporal network, so that end-users through the Internet can access this service at any time and any place, which is equivalent to Provides an & ldquo; enhanced version & rdquo; Beidou.
On June 23, 2020, Chance Location Network Co., Ltd. announced that the number of users of China's self-developed BeiDou Accelerated Assisted Positioning Service has exceeded 500 million, covering most of the domestic Android cell phones, and this service will take more than 30 seconds to shorten the initial positioning time to 3 seconds, which greatly enhances the user's positioning experience.
Along with the pace of BeiDou completing the global networking, the popularization of BeiDou accelerated positioning service is of great significance for the scale application of BeiDou. The integration and development of BeiDou with the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and other new technologies is building a new industrial ecosystem with BeiDou space-time information as the main content, and is becoming a new engine and booster for the rapid development of BeiDou industry, promoting changes in production and life styles and the continuous innovation of business models, and giving birth to new modes of economic development and new forms of industrial development, such as fine agriculture, precise logistics, automatic driving, intelligent transportation and smart cities. It has given rise to new modes of economic development and new forms of industrial development such as fine agriculture, precision logistics, automatic driving, intelligent transportation and smart cities.
BeiDou system's full coverage, full-time connectivity, will promote the accelerated arrival of the era of Internet of Everything. “ Beidou + logistics ”, packaging can be based on the volume and weight of goods automatically select the box, shipping can be based on the address of the automatic sorting and distribution, the buyer can always know the whereabouts of the purchased items trajectory; “ Beidou + payment ”, able to hundreds of stocks within one second, tickets to purchase the application for the precise queuing, in order to deal with; by accurately Grasp the vehicle location changes and time duration, from the cloud to quickly and accurately complete the highway driving tolls, public places parking charges, automatic charging of vehicles pricing and so on.
Chen Jinpei, CEO of Chance Location, pointed out that the billion-level frequency of use is just the beginning, with the arrival of the Internet of Things era, the users of space-time services will be tens of billions of & ldquo; robots & rdquo;; they have a higher demand for space-time services, dependence on the stronger, the frequency of use will be a geometric progression of growth.
Ran Chengqi pointed out that with the development of information technology, the Internet, mobile communications, satellite navigation, the three pillar industries are realizing close integration, cross-border integration. Government departments are also conforming to the trend of development and change in the field of information technology, and actively promoting the integration and development of Beidou and big data, cloud computing and the Internet, mobile communications.
Chen Gucang, deputy director of China Satellite Navigation System Administration Office, said that if Beidou system wants to provide good service, it needs to make further efforts in technological innovation, management innovation and other aspects to promote leading application development. Conclusion
Starting from the Beidou 1 project, twenty-six years of wind and rain, in order to realize the common dream, several generations of Beidou people continue to struggle, hundreds of thousands of builders gathered to lift, in the great journey of national rejuvenation, again and again to refresh the & ldquo; China's speed & rdquo;, show & ldquo; China's precision & rdquo;;, show & ldquo; China's temperament & rdquo ;.
The road is really like iron, and now step from the beginning. Looking back, Beidou people will never change their original intention of strengthening the country; looking to the future, it is the right time for Beidou to shine globally!
